【语法专项讲解】

过去完成时（Past perfect tense）

   1.动词形式

   过去完成时由had + 过去分词构成

   2.过去完成时的用法

   1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态。

   I had worked as a worker for five years before I became a teacher.

   在我成为教师之前，我已经当了五年的工人。

   By the end of last year, I had already learnt 5,000 English words.

   到去年年底，我已学会了5,000个英文单词。

   2)动词的过去完成时可以用于表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事，常用的动词有：intend, hope, want, mean, suppose, expect, think等。

   I had intended to meet you at the airport, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.

   我本来要到机场去接你的，可在我出门时有人来看我。

   I had wanted to lend you some money, but you didn't ask.

   我本打算借你一些钱的，但你没开口。

   3)在有hardly…when, no sooner…than等副词的句中，也使用过去完成时，表示“刚刚…就”，“一…就”。

   Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.

   我刚刚到家，天就开始下起雨来了。

   No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.

   他们刚刚离开那栋建筑，一颗炸弹就****了。

   4)过去完成时还用于下面句型中 It was the first time that…。

   It was the first time that I'd seen such a beautiful place.

   那是我第一次见到这么美的地方。

   It was the first Hollywood film I had ever seen in America.

   那是我在美国观看的第一部好莱坞电影。

   3.过去完成时和一般过去时的区别：

   过去完成时表示的时间是“过去的过去”，一般都有相比较的动作和相对时间。而一般过去时表示的时间只是单纯的过去，没有时间的对比。

   When I got to the airport, the plane had already taken off.

   当我赶到机场时，飞机已经起飞了。

   The plane took off five minutes ago.

   飞机在五分钟前起飞了。

   I went to bed after I had finished reading the interesting novel.

   读完那本有趣的小说之后，我就上床睡觉了。

   He told me that Sony Corporation had bought Columbia Pictures for$5 billion.

   他告诉我索尼公司花了50亿美元收购了哥伦比亚影业公司。

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